Design a Hotel Management System

Let's design a hotel management system.

A Hotel Management System is a software built to handle all online hotel activities easily and safely. This System will give the hotel management power and flexibility to manage the entire system from a single online portal. The system allows the manager to keep track of all the available rooms in the system as well as to book rooms and generate bills.

System Requirements

We’ll focus on the following set of requirements while designing the Hotel Management System:

The system should support the booking of different room types like standard, deluxe, family suite, etc.
Guests should be able to search the room inventory and book any available room.
The system should be able to retrieve information, such as who booked a particular room, or what rooms were booked by a specific customer.
The system should allow customers to cancel their booking - and provide them with a full refund if the cancelation occurs before 24 hours of the check-in date.
The system should be able to send notifications whenever the booking is nearing the check-in or check-out date.
The system should maintain a room housekeeping log to keep track of all housekeeping tasks.
Any customer should be able to add room services and food items.
Customers can ask for different amenities.
The customers should be able to pay their bills through credit card, check or cash.

Use case diagram

Here are the main Actors in our system:

Guest: All guests can search the available rooms, as well as make a booking.
Receptionist: Mainly responsible for adding and modifying rooms, creating room bookings, check-in, and check-out customers.
System: Mainly responsible for sending notifications for room booking, cancellation, etc.
Manager: Mainly responsible for adding new workers.
Housekeeper: To add/modify housekeeping record of rooms.
Server: To add/modify room service record of rooms.

Here are the top use cases of the Hotel Management System:

Add/Remove/Edit room: To add, remove, or modify a room in the system.
Search room: To search for rooms by type and availability.
Register or cancel an account: To add a new member or cancel the membership of an existing member.
Book room: To book a room.
Check-in: To let the guest check-in for their booking.
Check-out: To track the end of the booking and the return of the room keys.
Add room charge: To add a room service charge to the customer’s bill.
Update housekeeping log: To add or update the housekeeping entry of a room.

Use case diagram

Class diagram

Here are the main classes of our Hotel Management System:

Hotel and HotelLocation: Our system will support multiple locations of a hotel.
Room: The basic building block of the system. Every room will be uniquely identified by the room number. Each Room will have attributes like Room Style, Booking Price, etc.
Account: We will have different types of accounts in the system: one will be a guest to search and book rooms, another will be a receptionist. Housekeeping will keep track of the housekeeping records of a room, and a Server will handle room service.
RoomBooking: This class will be responsible for managing bookings for a room.
Notification: Will take care of sending notifications to guests.
RoomHouseKeeping: To keep track of all housekeeping records for rooms.
RoomCharge: Encapsulates the details about different types of room services that guests have requested.
Invoice: Contains different invoice-items for every charge against the room.
RoomKey: Each room can be assigned an electronic key card. Keys will have a barcode and will be uniquely identified by a key-ID.

Class diagram

Activity diagrams

Make a room booking: Any guest or receptionist can perform this activity. Here are the set of steps to book a room:

Check in: Guest will check in for their booking. The Receptionist can also perform this activity. Here are the steps:

Cancel a booking: Guest can cancel their booking. Receptionist can perform this activity. Here are the different steps of this activity:

Code

Here is the high-level definition for the classes described above.

Enums, data types, and constants: Here are the required enums, data types, and constants:

Python

Java

Python

class RoomStyle(Enum):
  STANDARD, DELUXE, FAMILY_SUITE, BUSINESS_SUITE = 1, 2, 3, 4


class RoomStatus(Enum):
  AVAILABLE, RESERVED, OCCUPIED, NOT_AVAILABLE, BEING_SERVICED, OTHER = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6


class BookingStatus(Enum):
  REQUESTED, PENDING, CONFIRMED, CHECKED_IN, CHECKED_OUT, CANCELLED, ABANDONED = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7


class AccountStatus(Enum):
  ACTIVE, CLOSED, CANCELED, BLACKLISTED, BLOCKED = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5


class AccountType(Enum):
  MEMBER, GUEST, MANAGER, RECEPTIONIST = 1, 2, 3, 4


class PaymentStatus(Enum):
  UNPAID, PENDING, COMPLETED, FILLED, DECLINED, CANCELLED, ABANDONED, SETTLING, SETTLED, REFUNDED = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10


class Address:
  def __init__(self, street, city, state, zip_code, country):
    self.__street_address = street
    self.__city = city
    self.__state = state
    self.__zip_code = zip_code
    self.__country = country

Account, Person, Guest, Receptionist, and Server: These classes represent the different people that interact with our system:

Python

Java

Python

# For simplicity, we are not defining getter and setter functions. The reader can
# assume that all class attributes are private and accessed through their respective
# public getter methods and modified only through their public methods function.

class Account:
  def __init__(self, id, password, status=AccountStatus.Active):
    self.__id = id
    self.__password = password
    self.__status = status

  def reset_password(self):
    None


# from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Person(ABC):
  def __init__(self, name, address, email, phone, account):
    self.__name = name
    self.__address = address
    self.__email = email
    self.__phone = phone
    self.__account = account


class Guest(Person):
  def __init__(self):
    self.__total_rooms_checked_in = 0

  def get_bookings(self):
    None


class Receptionist(Person):
  def search_member(self, name):
    None

  def create_booking(self):
    None


class Server(Person):
  def add_room_charge(self, room, room_charge):
    None

Hotel and HotelLocation: These classes represent the top-level classes of the system:

Python

Java

Python

class HotelLocation:
  def __init__(self, name, address):
    self.__name = name
    self.__location = address

  def get_rooms(self):
    None


class Hotel:
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.__name = name
    self.__locations = []

  def add_location(self, location):
    None

Room, RoomKey, and RoomHouseKeeping: To encapsulate a room, room key, and housekeeping:

Python

Java

Python

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Search(ABC):
  def search(self, style, start_date, duration):
    None


class Room(Search):
  def __init__(self, room_number, room_style, status, price, is_smoking):
    self.__room_number = room_number
    self.__style = room_style
    self.__status = status
    self.__booking_price = price
    self.__is_smoking = is_smoking

    self.__keys = []
    self.__house_keeping_log = []

  def is_room_available(self):
    None

  def check_in(self):
    None

  def check_out(self):
    None

  def search(self, style, start_date, duration):
# return all rooms with the given style and availability


class RoomKey:
  def __init__(self, key_id, barcode, is_active, is_master):
    self.__key_id = key_id
    self.__barcode = barcode
    self.__issued_at = datetime.date.today()
    self.__active = is_active
    self.__is_master = is_master

  def assign_room(self, room):
    None

  def is_active(self):
    None


class RoomHouseKeeping:
  def __init__(self, description, duration, house_keeper):
    self.__description = description
    self.__start_datetime = datetime.date.today()
    self.__duration = duration
    self.__house_keeper = house_keeper

  def add_house_keeping(self, room):
    None

RoomBooking and RoomCharge: To encapsulate a booking and different charges against a booking:

Python

Java

Python

class RoomBooking:
  def __init__(self, reservation_number, start_date, duration_in_days, booking_status):
    self.__reservation_number = reservation_number
    self.__start_date = start_date
    self.__duration_in_days = duration_in_days
    self.__status = booking_status
    self.__checkin = None
    self.__checkout = None

    self.__guest_id = 0
    self.__room = None
    self.__invoice = None
    self.__notifications = []

  def fetch_details(self, reservation_number):
    None


# from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class RoomCharge(ABC):
  def __init__(self):
    self.__issue_at = datetime.date.today()

  def add_invoice_item(self, invoice):
    None


class Amenity(RoomCharge):
  def __init__(self, name, description):
    self.__name = name
    self.__description = description


class RoomService(RoomCharge):
  def __init__(self, is_chargeable, request_time):
    self.__is_chargeable = is_chargeable
    self.__request_time = request_time


class KitchenService(RoomCharge):
  def __init__(self, description):
    self.__description = description

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